Political Representation in R

Individual representation assign the level of representation to individuals.

To calculate individual representation scores, use: irs(Z,R) for continuous data and irs.cat(Z,R) for categorical data. Using collapse() and then irs.cat() is significantly faster than running irs() if you have categorical data.

Going Further

For a full description of the concept of individual representation scores, refer to Ruedin, D. Individual representation: A different approach to political representation. Representation 48, no. 1 (2012): 115-29.

Last update 24 September 2025